What does ERK pathway mean?
What does ERK pathway mean?
extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
The extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is one of the major signaling cassettes of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.
What is the ERK 1/2 pathway?
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) cascade is a central signaling pathway that regulates a wide variety of stimulated cellular processes, including mainly proliferation, differentiation, and survival, but apoptosis and stress response as well.
How is ERK pathway activated?
Generally, the ERK pathway is activated by growth factor-stimulated cell surface receptors, whereas the JNK, p38 and ERK5 pathways are activated by stress and growth factors. Mammalian MAPK cacades. There are four major mammalian MAPKKK–MAPKK–MAPK protein kinase cascades.
What is ERK in cell signaling?
ERK, a type of serine/threonine protein kinase, is a signal transduction protein that transmits mitogen signals (32). ERK is generally located in the cytoplasm; upon activation, ERK enters the nucleus and regulates transcription factor activity and gene expression (33).
What is the RAF MEK ERK signaling pathway?
The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway can exert proliferative or antiproliferative effects through downstream transcription factor targets including NF-κB, CREB, Ets-1, AP-1 and c-Myc. ERKs can directly phosphorylate Ets-1, AP-1 and c-Myc, which lead to their activation.
What is Ras and Raf?
The Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway is probably the best characterized signal transduction pathway in cell biology. The function of this pathway is to transduce signals from the extracellular milieu to the cell nucleus where specific genes are activated for cell growth, division and differentiation.
What type of enzyme is ERK?
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases
ERK became the founding member of an important class of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs), serine/threonine kinases which control a wide range of processes in adult and developing cells (13). Enzymatic activity of ERK requires its phosphorylation on Tyr and Thr within the activation loop of the kinase (14).
Is ERK a MAP kinase?
Mitogen-activated ERK kinase, a family of seven human MAP kinase kinases, with dual specificity for tyrosine and serine/threonine residues. Components of four signaling pathways: ERK1/2 (MEK1/2), p38 (MEK3/6, and sometimes MEK4), JNK (MEK4/7), and ERK5 (MEK5). ERK1/2 are the only known substrates of MEK1/2.
What is Ras and RAF?